Irritable Bowl Syndrome

Irritable Bowl Syndrome

• IBS : between 25 and 45 million  including are women are suffering from it. People are most likely to get the condition in their late teens to early 40s.

IBS is a mix of belly discomfort or pain and trouble with bowel habits: either going more or less often than normal (diarrhea or constipation) or having a different kind of stool (thin, hard, or soft and liquid).

It’s not life-threatening, and it doesn't make you more likely to get other colon conditions, such as ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, or colon cancer. ButIBS can be a long-lasting problem that changes how you live your life. People with IBS may miss work or school more often, and they may feel less able to take part in daily activities. Some people may need to change their work setting: shifting to working at home, changing hours, or even not working at all.

Symptoms of IBS:-

People with IBS have symptoms that can include:

• Diarrhea (often described as violent episodes of diarrhea)
• Constipation
• Constipation alternating with diarrhea
• Belly pains or cramps, usually in the lower half of the belly, that get worse after meals and feel better after a bowel movement
• A lot of gas or bloating.
• Harder or looser stools than normal (pellets or flat ribbon stools)
• A belly that sticks out stress can make symptoms worse.
• Some people also have urinary symptoms or sexual problems.

  IBS types and condition. 
• There is IBS with constipation (IBS-C) 
•  IBS with diarrhea (IBS-D). 
• Some people have an alternating pattern of constipation and diarrhea. This is called mixed IBS (IBS-M). 
• Other people don’t fit into these categories easily, called unsubtyped IBS, or IBS-U.

Causes of IBS:-

There are several things known to trigger IBS symptoms.

Studies suggest that the colon gets hypersensitive, overreacting to mild stimulation. Instead of slow, rhythmic muscle movements, the bowel muscles spasm. That can cause diarrhea or constipation.

Some think that IBS happens when the muscles in the bowels don't squeeze normally, which affects the movement of stool. But studies don’t seem to back this up.

Another theory suggests it may involve chemicals made by the body, such as serotonin and gastrin, that control nerve signals between the brain and digestive tract.

 Other researchers are studying to see if certain bacteria in the bowels can lead to the condition

Because IBS happens in women much more often than in men, some believe hormones may play a role. So far, studies haven’t borne this out.

Diagnosis of IBS:-

There are no specific lab tests that can diagnose IBS. 

IBS Treatment:-

Many things can trigger IBS symptoms, including certain foods, medicines, the presence of gas or stool, and emotional stress. You’ll need to learn what your triggers are. You may need to make some lifestyle changes and take medication.

Diet and Lifestyle Changes

Usually, with a few basic changes in diet and activities, IBS will improve over time. Here are some tips to help reduce symptoms:

• Avoid caffeine (in coffee, teas, and sodas).
• Add more fiber to your diet with foods like fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and nuts.
• Drink at least three to four glasses of water per day.
• Don't smoke.
• Learn to relax, either by getting more exercise or by reducing stress in your life.
• Limit how much milk or cheese you eat.
• Eat smaller meals more often instead of big meals.
• Keep a record of the foods you eat so you can figure out which foods bring on bouts of IBS.
• Common food "triggers" are red peppers, green onions, red wine, wheat, and cow's milk. If you're concerned about getting enough calcium, you can try to get it from other foods, like broccoli, spinach, turnip greens, tofu, yogurt, sardines, salmon with bones, calcium-fortified orange juice and breads, or calcium supplements.

Medications

The following types of drugs are used to treat IBS:

Bulking agents, such as psyllium, wheat bran, and corn fiber, help slow the movement of food through the digestive system and may also help relieve symptoms.

Antibiotics such as rifaximin can change the amount of bacteria in your intestines. You take pills for 2 weeks. It can control symptoms for as long as 6 months. If they come back, you can be treated again.

Abdonimal Pain and Bloating:-

• Antispasmodics can control colon muscle spasms, but experts are unsure that these drugs help. They also have side effects, such as making you drowsy and constipated, that make them a bad choice for some people.
• Antidepressants may also help relievesymptoms in some people.
•   are live bacteria and yeasts that are good for your health, especially your digestive system. Doctors often suggest them to help with digestive problems.
Constipation
• Polyethylene glycol (PEG) osmotic laxative and causes water to remain in the stool, which results in softer stools. This medication may work best for those who can't tolerate dietary fiber supplements.
• Linaclotide  is a capsule you take once daily on an empty stomach, at least 30 minutes before your first meal of the day. It helps to relieve constipation by helping bowel movements happen more often. It’s not for anyone 17 years old or younger. The drug's most common side effect is diarrhea.
• Lubiprostone  can treat IBS with constipation in women when other treatments have not helped. Studies haven’t fully shown that it works well in men. Common side effects include nausea, diarrhea, and belly pain. More serious side effects may include, fainting, swelling of the arms and legs, breathing problems, and heart palpitations.
• Plecanatide has been shown to treat constipation without the usual side effects of cramping and abdominal pain. The once a day pill can be taken with or without food. It works to increase gastrointestinal fluid in your gut and encourage regular bowel movemen.
• Diarrhea
  • Loperamide  works by slowing down the movement of the gut. This decreases the number of bowel movements and makes the stool less watery.
  • Bile acid sequestrants are cholesterol-lowering medications. Taken orally, they work in the intestines by binding bile acids and reducing stool production.
  • Alosetron can help relieve stomach pain and slow your bowels to relieve diarrhea, but there can be serious side effects, so it’s only to be used by women with severe IBS-D whose symptoms aren’t helped by other treatments.
  • Eluxadoline  is prescribed to help reduce bowel contractions, belly cramps, and diarrhea.
  Make sure to follow your doctor's instructions when taking IBS medications, including laxatives, which can be habit forming if you don’t use them carefully.

Cervical cancer

Cervical Cancer 

Overview 

Cervical cancer happens when cells change in a woman’s cervix, which connects her uterus with her vagina. This cancer can affect the deeper tissues of her cervix and may spread to other parts of her body (metastasize), often the lungs, liver, bladder, vagina, and rectum.

Most cases of cervical cancer are caused by infection with human papillomavirus (HPV), which is preventable with a vaccine. 

Cervical cancer grows slowly, so there’s usually time to find and treat it before it causes serious problems. It kills fewer and fewer women each year, thanks to improved screening through Pap tests.

Women 35 to 44 years old are most likely to get it. More than 15% of new cases are in women over age 65, however, especially those who haven’t been getting regular screenings.

Cervical cancer happens when cells change in a woman’s cervix, which connects her uterus with her vagina. This cancer can affect the deeper tissues of her cervix and may spread to other parts of her body (metastasize), often the lungs, liver, bladder, vagina, and rectum.

Most cases of cervical cancer are caused by infection with human papillomavirus (HPV), which is preventable with a vaccine. 

Cervical cancer grows slowly, so there’s usually time to find and treat it before it causes serious problems. It kills fewer and fewer women each year, thanks to improved screening through Pap tests.

Women 35 to 44 years old are most likely to get it. More than 15% of new cases are in women over age 65, however, especially those who haven’t been getting regular screenings.

Breast Cancer

Breast Cancer 

Overview of Breast Cancer

• Breast cancer is cancer that forms in the cells of the breasts.
• After skin cancer, breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed in women. 
• Breast cancer can occur in both men and women, but it's far more common in women. 
• Breast cancer survival rates have increased, and the number of deaths associated with this disease is steadily declining, largely due to factors such as earlier detection, a new personalized approach to treatment and a better understanding of the disease.

Symptoms:

Signs and symptoms of breast cancer may include:

• A breast lump or thickening that feels different from the surrounding tissue
• Change in the size, shape or appearance of a breast
• Changes to the skin over the breast, such as dimpling
• A newly inverted nipple
• Peeling, scaling, crusting or flaking of the pigmented area of skin surrounding the nipple (areola) or breast skin
• Redness or pitting of the skin over your breast, like the skin of an orange.

Causes

• ,Breast cancer occurs when some breast cells begin to grow abnormally.
• These cells divide more rapidly than healthy cells do and continue to accumulate, forming a lump or mass. 
• Cells may spread (metastasize) through your breast to your lymph nodes or to other parts of your body.
• Breast cancer most often begins with cells in the milk-producing ducts (invasive ductal carcinoma).
• Breast cancer may also begin in the glandular tissue called lobules (invasive lobular carcinoma) or in other cells or tissue within the breast.
• About 5 to 10 percent of breast cancers are linked to gene mutations passed through generations of a family.
• The most well-known are breast cancer gene 1 (BRCA1) and breast cancer gene 2 (BRCA2), both of which significantly increase the risk of both breast and ovarian cancer.

Risk factors

Factors that are associated with an increased risk of breast cancer include:

• Being female. Women are much more likely than men are to develop breast cancer.
• Increasing age. Your risk of breast cancer increases as you age.
• A personal history of breast conditions. If you've had a breast biopsy that found lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) or atypical hyperplasia of the breast, you have an increased risk of breast cancer.
• A personal history of breast cancer. If you've had breast cancer in one breast, you have an increased risk of developing cancer in the other breast.
• A family history of breast cancer. If your mother, sister or daughter was diagnosed with breast cancer, particularly at a young age, your risk of breast cancer is increased. Still, the majority of people diagnosed with breast cancer have no family history of the disease.
• Inherited genes that increase cancer risk. Certain gene mutations that increase the risk of breast cancer can be passed from parents to children. The most well-known gene mutations are referred to as BRCA1 and BRCA2. These genes can greatly increase your risk of breast cancer and other cancers, but they don't make cancer inevitable.
• Radiation exposure. If you received radiation treatments to your chest as a child or young adult, your risk of breast cancer is increased.
• Obesity. Being obese increases your risk of breast cancer.
• Beginning your period atb a younger age. Beginning your period before age 12 increases your risk of breast cancer.
• Beginning menopause at an older age. If you began menopause at an older age, you're more likely to develop breast cancer.
• Having your first child at an older age. Women who give birth to their first child after age 30 may have an increased risk of breast cancer.
• Having never been pregnant. Women who have never been pregnant have a greater risk of breast cancer than do women who have had one or more pregnancies.
• Postmenopausal hormone therapy. Women who take hormone therapy medications that combine estrogen and progesterone to treat the signs and symptoms of menopause have an increased risk of breast cancer. The risk of breast cancer decreases when women stop taking these medications.
• Drinking alcohol. Drinking alcohol increases the risk of breast cancer.

Prevantion

Breast cancer risk reduction for women with an average risk

Making changes in your daily life may help reduce your risk of breast cancer. Try to:

• Breast self-exam

To perform a breast self-exam for breast awareness, use a methodical approach that ensures you cover your entire breast. For instance, imagine that your breasts are divided into equal wedges, like pieces of a pie, and sweep your fingers along each piece in toward your nipple.

• Ask your doctor about breast cancer screening. Talk to your doctor about the benefits and risks of screening. Together, you can decide what breast cancer screening strategies are right for you.
• Become familiar with your breasts through breast self-exam for breast awareness. Breast awareness can't prevent breast cancer, but it may help you to better understand the normal changes that your breasts undergo and identify any unusual signs and symptoms.
• Drink alcohol in moderation, if at all.Limit the amount of alcohol you drink to no more than one drink a day, if you choose to drink.
• Exercise most days of the week. Aim for at least 30 minutes of exercise on most days of the week. If you haven't been active lately, ask your doctor whether it's OK and start slowly.
• Limit postmenopausal hormone therapy. Combination hormone therapy may increase the risk of breast cancer. Talk with your doctor about the benefits and risks of hormone therapy.
  Some women experience bothersome signs and symptoms during menopause and, for these women, the increased risk of breast cancer may be acceptable in order to relieve menopause signs and symptoms.
  To reduce the risk of breast cancer, use the lowest dose of hormone therapy possible for the shortest amount of time.
• Maintain a healthy weight. If your weight is healthy, work to maintain that weight. If you need to lose weight, ask your doctor about healthy strategies to accomplish this. Reduce the number of calories you eat each day and slowly increase the amount of exercise.
• Choose a healthy diet. Women who eat a Mediterranean diet supplemented with extra-virgin olive oil and mixed nuts may have a reduced risk of breast cancer. The Mediterranean diet focuses mostly on plant-based foods, such as fruits and vegetables, whole grains, legumes, and nuts. People who follow the Mediterranean diet choose healthy fats, such as olive oil, over butter and fish instead of red meat.

Breast cancer risk reduction for women with a high risk

If your doctor has assessed your family history and determined that you have other factors, such as a precancerous breast condition, that increase your risk of breast cancer, you may discuss options to reduce your risk, such as:

• Preventive medications (chemoprevention). Estrogen-blocking medications, such as selective estrogen receptor modulators and aromatase inhibitors, reduce the risk of breast cancer in women with a high risk of the disease.
  These medications carry a risk of side effects, so doctors reserve these medications for women who have a very high risk of breast cancer. Discuss the benefits and risks with your doctor.
• Preventive surgery.  with a very high risk of breast cancer may choose to have their healthy breasts surgically removed (prophylactic mastectomy). They may also choose to have their healthy ovaries removed (prophylactic oophorectomy) to reduce the risk of both breast cancer and ovarian cancer.

Cancer and causes

 What causes cancer?

Cancer is caused by accumulated damage to genes. Such changes may be due to chance or to exposure to a cancer causing substance.

The substances that cause cancer are called carcinogens. A carcinogen may be a chemical substance, such as certain molecules in tobacco smoke. The cause of cancer may be environmental agents, viral or genetic factors.

We should bear in mind, though, that in the majority of cancer cases we cannot attribute the disease to a single cause.

We can roughly divide cancer risk factors into the following groups:

1. biological or internal factors, such as age, gender, inherited genetic defects and skin type
2. environmental exposure, for instance to radon and UV radiation, and fine particulate matter
3. occupational risk factors, including carcinogens such as many chemicals, radioactive materials and asbestos
4. lifestyle-related factors.

Lifestyle-related factors that cause cancer include:

• tobacco
• alcohol
• UV radiation in sunlight
• some food-related factors, such as nitrites and poly aromatic hydrocarbons generated by barbecuing food).

Lifestyles can prevent cancer

Cancer causing factors related to work and living environments include:

• asbestos fibres
• tar and pitch
• polynuclear hydrocarbons (e.g. benzopyrene)
• Some metal compounds
• Some plastic chemicals (e.g. Vinyl chloride)

Bacteria and viruses can cause cancer:

• Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori, which causes gastritis)
• HBV, HCV (hepatitis viruses that cause hepatitis)
• HPV (human papilloma virus, papilloma virus, which causes changes eg. Cervical cells)
• EBV (Epstein-Barr virus, the herpes virus that causes inflammation of the throat lymphoid)

Radiation can cause cancer:

• ionising radiation (e.g. X-ray radiation, soil radon)
• non-ionised radiation (the sun’s ultraviolet radiation)

Some drugs may increase the risk of cancer:

• certain antineoplastic agents
• certain hormones
• medicines that cause immune deficiency

In 5 – 10 per cent of breast cancer genetic predisposition plays an important role in the emergence of the disease.

         

       Coronavirus.   

  Coronaviruses (CoV) are a large family of viruses that cause illness ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases such as

•  Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV) 
• Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV). 
• A novel coronavirus (nCoV) is a new strain that has not been previously identified in humans.  
• Coronaviruses are zoonotic, meaning they are transmitted between animals and people.
• Detailed investigations found that -SARS-CoV was transmitted from civet cats to humans and MERS-CoV from dromedary camels to humans. Several known coronaviruses are circulating in animals that have not yet infected humans. 

Common signs of infection

 It's common signs of infections nclude as:

•  Respiratory symptoms 
• Fever
• Cough
• Shortness of breath and breathing difficulties. 
• In more severe cases, infection can cause pneumonia.
•  Severe acute respiratory syndrome
• Kidney failure and even death. 

Standard recommendations to prevent infection spread include regular hand washing, covering mouth and nose when coughing and sneezing, thoroughly cooking meat and eggs. Avoid close contact with anyone showing symptoms of respiratory

Female Health issues

Female health issues 

• Non-specific leucorrhoea (white discharge) 
•  Leucorrhoea (white discharge) associated with abdominal pain 
• Leucorrhoea (white discharge) associated with abdominal pain and muscle cramps in women.
• Excessive vaginal secretion & pelvic congestion.
• Muco-purulent discharge.

Femigen Capsule:

●Uses, Ingredients, Dose, Side Effects

●Femigen Capsule is a proprietary Ayurvedic medicine manufactured by S.G. Phyto Pharma Pvt. Ltd.

●It is an oral drug for non-specific leucorrhoea (white discharge) associated with abdominal pain and muscle cramps in women.

●Benefits of Femigen Capsule:

Effectively treats leucorrhoeas of diverse etiologies.

Controls the excessive vaginal secretion & pelvic congestion.
Accelerates renewal of vaginal epithelium.

Stops muco-purulent discharge.
Improve nutritional supply.

●Ingredients of Femigen Capsule:
Each capsule contains –

●Asoka – Saraca indica – 30 mg – Strong astringent, uterine sedative. Direct action on muscular fibers of uterus. Stimulates endometrium & ovarian tissue.

●Lodhra – Symplocos racemosa – 30 mg – Mild astringent & cooling. Arrests uterine hamorrhages and abnormal secretions.

●Babbula – Acacia arabica – 30 mg – Astringent, tonic, demulcent. Popularly used to treat vaginitis.


●Pandharisavari  – Bombax pentandrum – 30 mg – Tonic, alterative, astringent & laxative.

●Daruharidra  – Berberis aristata – 30 mg – Tonic, stomachic, astringent, antiperiodic & alterative.

●Amratwak – Magnifera indica – 30 mg – Astringent & tonic. Arrests internal bleeding.

●Jambu – Eugenia jambolana – 30 mg – Potent astringent.

●Mocharasa – Salmalia malabarica – 30 mg – Astringent & styptic. Useful to treat menorrhagia.

●Kasisa bhasma – 30 mg – overcomes anorexia, improves digestion, improve nutritional supplementation.

Indication of Femigen Capsule:
Leucorrhoea & other associated disorders

●Menorrhagia

Concomittant back ache & weakness.

Dosage of Femigen Capsule:

2 capsules twice a day, or as directed by the physician.

●Side effects of Femigen Capsule:
There are no known side effects with this medicine.
However, it is best to use this medicine under medical supervision.
Store in a cool dry place, away from sunlight.
Keep out of reach and sight of children.
Seek your doctor’s advice for its usage during pregnancy.
This product can be safely used during lactation period and in children for a limited period of few weeks time.
"
Presentation & Package:
Blister pack of 30 capsules.

Manufactured By:  S.G. Phyto Pharma Pvt. Ltd.

●How long to use?
This product can be used for a period of 2 – 3 months of time, based on your doctor’s advice.

Shelf life: 3 years from the date of manufacturing.